What Is Foundation Settlement?

Your home is your biggest investment, so maintaining its structural integrity should be a top priority. Over time, it may show signs of wear and damage. While minor repairs can address most issues, major problems like foundation settlement require professional intervention.

This page explores foundation settlement and the repair methods that address the damage.

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Foundation Settlement: What is it?

Foundation settlement refers to the gradual sinking of a house or building into the ground over time, occurring when the soil beneath the foundation expands, contracts, or shifts, creating voids. If these voids cannot support the foundation’s weight, the structure will begin to settle into them. The extent of the damage depends on whether the soil shifts evenly or unevenly, with the degree of settlement influenced by the structure’s weight and the soil’s properties beneath the foundation.

Types of Foundation Settlement

There are three types of foundation settlement, including:

Tape Measure measuring Foundation Settlement

Uniform Settlement

This phenomenon occurs when the entire foundation settles uniformly and at the same rate, typically due to the structure’s weight. Since all four corners sink simultaneously, this settlement type does not typically cause significant damage.

Tipping Settlement

Tipping settlement occurs when one side sinks while the other remains in place, causing the structure to appear as if it’s leaning. Tipping settlement does not cause many cracks initially; however, it can lead to significant problems, including collapse, if left unaddressed.

illustration of house with foundation settlement

Differential Settlement

Differential settlement occurs when the foundation settles unevenly due to soil shifts or tree roots. This movement causes cracks and water seepage. If unaddressed, differential settlement leads to severe structural damage and other problems.

What Causes Foundation Settlement?

Foundation settlement and damage is caused by many factors, including:

Moisture Changes: Extreme moisture changes can weaken the soil beneath the foundation, leading to settlement.
Improper Soil Compaction: Inadequate solid compaction during construction leads to settlement.
Excessive Weight: Overload can cause foundation settlement.

Vegetation: Plant and tree roots absorb soil moisture, causing solid shrinkage and foundation settlement.
Poor Design: Poorly designed and constructed foundations are prone to settlement.
Earthquakes: Seismic activity can trigger soil liquefaction, resulting in foundation settlement.

Foundation settlement occurs for many reasons. If you suspect settlement or damage in your home, contact a foundation repair expert for an inspection.

What Are the Signs of Foundation Damage?

Many problem signs indicate foundation settlement, including:

Foundation damage and settlement worsen over time, causing significant damage. If you notice the signs of damage, contact your local foundation expert to determine the next steps for repair.

How to Fix Foundation Settlement

The repair method varies based on the extent of the damage, soil conditions, and other factors. However, foundation piers are a commonly used, highly effective solution for addressing foundation settlement. Here are the three types experts use:

Helical piers stabilizing home's foundation

Helical piers: These spiral-like piers are driven deep into the ground until they reach stable soil or bedrock. Helical piers are used in unstable, soft soil.
Push piers: These cylindrical piers are pushed into the ground using hydraulic pressure and suit many soil types.
Slab piers: These piers are designed explicitly for slab foundations. They raise and stabilize sinking foundations.

How to Prevent Foundation Settlement

Preventative measures ensure your home remains safe and stable. The following steps can be taken to prevent foundation settlement:

Gutter system prevents foundation settlement by redirecting water

Install proper drainage systems
Ensure debris-free gutters and downspouts
Ensure proper yard grading and slope
Maintain landscaping and trees

Maintain consistent soil moisture levels
Monitor plumbing for leaks
Conduct regular foundation inspections

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Contact Foundation Recovery Systems for a Free Inspection

Do you suspect foundation damage or settlement on your property and aren’t sure what to do next? Contact Foundation Recovery Systems for a free inspection. Our highly-trained experts are homeowners, too, so you can trust us to provide honest answers. Call us today to learn more.

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Foundation Repair FAQs

Can I live in my home during foundation repairs?

In most cases, yes, but it depends on the extent of the repairs. Your contractor can provide specific advice based on your situation.

Can I ignore minor foundation cracks?

While small cracks may seem minor, they can indicate larger issues and should be evaluated by a professional to prevent more significant problems.

Is foundation repair covered by homeowners insurance?

Typically, foundation repair is not covered by standard homeowners insurance unless the damage results from a covered peril, such as a plumbing leak.

Leah Leitow

Content Writer

Leah is a Content Writer for Groundworks with nearly ten years of experience working in the foundation repair industry. Her experience ranges from working with homeowners to find the right solution to training inspectors and staff. In her background as a Michigan journalist, she gained invaluable insight into people's lives throughout our state. Leah lives in metro Detroit with her husband and two sons.

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